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Blogs
Embedos Technology Blogs & Information, across the Industrial Landscape.
Inductive vs Photoelectric Sensor: Plant Selection Guide by Embedos Mumbai!
Yes, for most inductive sensors. Check the vendor's guidance for your target material, or choose a sensor rated for all metals.In the inductive vs photoelectric sensor choice, use an inductive sensor when the target is metal and can come within a few millimetres to a few tens of millimetres of the...
When a timezone setting becomes a root shell: Four OT edge lessons in Cyber Security to learn in Industrial Automation
Most of us treat the timezone field on a device web page as the least dangerous setting on the box. You pick "Asia/Kolkata", click save, move on. One of the late-October CISA advisories shows how that field can end with an attacker holding full control of a transformer monitor. This post walks...
Short-Range Radar Level Transmitter: Picking for 0.1-1.6 m
For a short range radar level transmitter on a vessel where the liquid sits 100 mm to 1600 mm below the flange, the spec that decides everything is the blocking distance (also called dead band or near-range limit). If the maximum level comes closer to the antenna than that distance, the reading is...
When the fridge became the attack surface: France and Germany supermarket cyber lessons (2021 to 2026)
On the night of 11 to 12 October 2026, someone logged into the refrigeration supervisors of hundreds of French supermarkets and told the cold cabinets to defrost. Thierry Cotillard, CEO of the Mousquetaires group (Intermarché, Netto), said the attackers managed to put "all our cold cabinets into...
Warehouse temperature and humidity monitoring system for agri commodities
A warehouse temperature and humidity monitoring system for agri commodities measures two different things. Ambient relative humidity (RH) and temperature tell you about the air in the shed; Grain moisture tells you about the stock. Mould risk rises when the air between the grains stays above about...
Vibration Transmitter 4-20mA 0-25 mm/s: Buyer Guide
Direct answer: a vibration transmitter 4-20mA 0-25 mm/s gives one number per point: overall RMS vibration velocity on the bearing housing, scaled so 4 mA = 0 mm/s and 20 mA = 25 mm/s. That range suits most general-purpose motors, fans and pumps, because typical alert and trip levels in the ISO...
Flow Meter Pulse Output vs 4-20mA: Which to Use and When
For totals, usually yes, because pulses are counted rather than integrated. For live rate, both can work; accuracy then depends on the meter and input. Direct answer: use the pulse output when you need an accurate total (litres, m³ consumed per shift or batch), and use 4-20 mA when you need...
PT100 to 4-20mA Transmitter or Direct RTD Input?
Wire a PT100 directly to an RTD input when the cable is short and the receiver has a proper PT100 direct input with 3-wire or 4-wire lead compensation. Use a PT100 to 4-20mA transmitter, usually a head mounted temperature transmitter inside the sensor's connection head, when the run is long, the...
Data Center Noise: Sources, Limits and How to Control It
Most data center noise comes from moving air and rotating plant: server fans, CRAH/CRAC units, chillers, cooling towers, dry coolers and rooftop condensers, with diesel generator sets, transformers and UPS rooms adding tonal and intermittent sound. The part that drives most neighbour complaints is...
4G vs 5G Industrial Router: Which Suits Your Plant in India
For PLC and SCADA telemetry (tag values, alarms, remote diagnostics) a 4G LTE industrial router with dual SIM failover is usually enough, because the data is small and LTE coverage is wider. Choose 5G when you have a measured need for high bandwidth (several camera streams, large file transfers)...
Modbus Register Map: How Do You Read It and Decode 32-bit Values (ABCD, CDAB, BADC, DCBA)?
Direct answer: a Modbus register map tells you, for every value, its data table (and so its function code), address, data type, scale and unit. Send the address as a 0-based offset (holding register 40001 goes out as address 0), read each 32-bit value as two consecutive registers, then try the...
4-20mA Signal Isolator: When You Need One for Ground Loops
You need a 4-20mA signal isolator when a ground loop exists, that is, when the signal circuit is connected to earth or a common at more than one point and those points sit at different potentials. Typical signs are a steady offset, a reading that moves when a motor or heater switches, or a value...
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